Is It Illegal to Marry Your Cousin in Virginia in 2025? Here’s What the Law Says

When it comes to marriage laws in the United States, few topics trigger as much curiosity and controversy as the question of cousin marriage. The legal landscape is varied, with different states adopting their own stances. While some states ban marriages between close relatives, others permit them with few restrictions. Virginia stands out in this legal patchwork, and residents or newcomers to cities like Richmond, Virginia Beach, Norfolk, and Arlington may well wonder: Is marrying your cousin legal in Virginia in 2025? Let’s explore what the law actually says, break down the myths, and provide a comprehensive look at the facts, history, and cultural context of cousin marriage in the Old Dominion.

Understanding Cousin Marriage in the Broader U.S. Context

Marriage between cousins is far from a new practice. For centuries, cousin marriages were common not only in the United States but worldwide, often motivated by social, economic, or practical reasons. In the U.S., attitudes towards cousin marriage have shifted significantly over the years:

• Legal Diversity: As of recent years, about half the states permit first cousins to marry while the others ban such unions.

• Social Attitudes: Over time, social acceptance has waned due to a better understanding of genetics and fears over inherited health risks.

• Federal vs. State Laws: No federal law prohibits cousin marriage; regulations are left to each state.

Americans often relocate between states, so knowing the specific laws in Virginia is vital for those considering marriage to a cousin.

The Legal Status of Cousin Marriage in Virginia

Virginia’s Marriage Laws

Virginia’s marriage laws are defined by the Code of Virginia, specifying degrees of kinship in which marriage is either prohibited or permitted. Current Virginia statutes are clear:

• Marriages between ancestors and descendants (such as parent and child or grandparent and grandchild) are prohibited.

• Marriages between siblings, whether whole or half-blood, or by adoption, are prohibited.

• Marriages between an uncle or aunt and their niece or nephew are prohibited.

Notably, marriage between first cousins is not mentioned as prohibited. This means that, under Virginia law as of 2025, individuals who are first cousins can legally marry.

No Age or Relationship Restrictions on Cousin Marriage

Virginia does not impose additional restrictions on cousin marriage, such as age or requirements for genetic counseling that are seen in some other states. The marriage process for first cousins is identical to that for any other unrelated couple.

• First cousins can obtain a marriage license in cities including Richmond, Norfolk, Alexandria, and Roanoke.

• The application process will not require proof of genetic counseling or special waivers.

• Both residents and non-residents may be married as cousins in Virginia.

Changes and Updates for 2025

Legal language in Virginia’s constitution and code was updated in 2025 to affirm the right of adults to marry. The amendments removed earlier limitations, particularly regarding same-sex marriage, but did not introduce new bans or restrictions on cousin marriage. The longstanding stance permitting cousin marriage remains unchanged.

Historical and Cultural Context

A Tradition With Deep Roots

Cousin marriage has deep historical roots in Virginia and across the globe. For centuries, marriages between cousins were often arranged to keep wealth and property within families, reinforce alliances, and preserve cultural or religious continuity.

Cities like Williamsburg and Charlottesville, once small rural settlements, saw cousin marriages as common practice among early colonial families and even among Virginia’s aristocracy during the colonial and early American periods.

The Role of Law and Science

The rising field of genetics in the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries influenced state legislatures. Fears (sometimes exaggerated) about inherited genetic disorders led some states to ban cousin marriages. However, Virginia, with its own unique historical trajectory, never enacted a prohibition.

Modern research has nuanced the perceived risks of cousin marriage. While some risk of inherited conditions does exist, studies suggest the increase over the general population is lower than previously thought, especially compared with less closely related unions. The debate is therefore as much about culture and custom as about science.

Contemporary Realities in Virginia

In today’s Virginia, cousin marriage remains rare but is fully legal. Demographic and cultural factors greatly influence rates. For example:

• Populations with roots in countries or cultures where cousin marriage is common (such as some Middle Eastern, South Asian, or North African communities) may be more likely to continue the tradition in cities such as Fairfax and Arlington.

• Among the majority population, cousin marriages occur infrequently due to social stigma and changing cultural norms.

Cousin Marriage Across the United States: Virginia in National Perspective

States Where Cousin Marriage Is Legal

Virginia is part of a minority of states where first cousin marriage is legal with no special requirements. Neighboring states such as Maryland and North Carolina also permit cousin marriage, though local customs may differ. In contrast, West Virginia prohibits cousin marriage, illustrating just how varied the legal landscape is even within the region.

States Where Cousin Marriage Is Banned

Many western and midwestern states explicitly ban marriage between first cousins. States such as Kentucky, Kentucky, and Tennessee have their own prohibitions that are written into state law.

Here’s a quick look at how Virginia compares to nearby states:

Implications for Cross-State Marriages

People living near state borders—such as in Bristol (straddling Virginia and Tennessee) or the Winchester area (near West Virginia and Maryland)—should be aware that a cousin marriage legal in Virginia may not be recognized if they relocate to a state where such marriages are banned.

How Common Is Cousin Marriage in Virginia?

Statistical Insights

Despite its legality, cousin marriage in Virginia is extremely rare today. Exact numbers are hard to obtain, partly because marriage licenses do not record degree of kinship except in exceptional cases. However:

• Nationwide studies suggest less than half a percent of all marriages in the U.S. are between first or second cousins.

• In Virginia, the rate is likely even lower, especially among European-American and African-American populations, due to longstanding cultural norms against cousin marriage.

• Certain immigrant and minority communities may practice cousin marriage on a more regular basis, reflecting traditions from their countries of origin.

Demographics of Cousin Marriage

In urban centers such as Northern Virginia (Arlington, Fairfax, Alexandria), the diversity of the population means a wider variety of familial traditions, including cousin marriage in some groups. In smaller, rural communities—in the Shenandoah Valley or along the Blue Ridge—cousin marriage was much more common historically but is now exceedingly rare.

How to Legally Marry Your Cousin in Virginia: The Process

The process for cousins wishing to marry in Virginia is exactly the same as for any other eligible couple:

• Marriage License: Apply for a marriage license at any Circuit Court Clerk’s office. This can be done in major cities such as Richmond, Norfolk, Roanoke, or even small counties like Wise or Accomack.

• Requirements: Both parties must be over 18 (as recent law bans marriage under 18 with no exceptions). Government-issued identification is required.

• Residency: You do not have to be a Virginia resident to marry in the state.

• Waiting Period: There is no waiting period for marriage in Virginia.

• Blood Test: There is no blood test requirement, and the state does not ask about the degree of relationship between applicants unless it is within the categories specifically banned (siblings, parent/child, uncle/niece, aunt/nephew).

• Ceremony: The ceremony can be performed by any officiant authorized by the state, in locations from courthouse chapels to scenic locations along the James River or the Blue Ridge Parkway.

Consequences if You Marry Your Cousin in Virginia

Legally, there are no direct negative consequences for cousins who marry in Virginia, provided the relationship falls outside the prohibited categories. However, important things to consider include:

• Recognition in Other States: If you move to a state that prohibits cousin marriage, your marriage could be in legal jeopardy or simply not recognized.

• Federal Law: The federal government generally recognizes marriages valid in the state where they were contracted.

• Inheritance and Custody: Some states might challenge inheritance or custody decisions based on a cousin marriage out of their jurisdiction.

Recent Updates and Public Policy in 2025

While 2025 saw significant amendments to Virginia’s marriage laws—mostly to affirm the right of same-sex couples to marry—the legal status of cousin marriage was not changed. Public health initiatives in Virginia focus on providing education regarding genetic counseling rather than restricting individual rights. There are no legislative proposals pending in Richmond or elsewhere aiming to ban cousin marriage.

Public Debate and Future Prospects

Discussions around cousin marriage in Virginia remain subdued compared to other topics such as same-sex marriage or minimum marriage age. Occasional calls for bans arise, especially in association with larger debates about marriage and family values, but there is currently little momentum for legal change.

Cultural acceptance remains low, especially outside communities for whom cousin marriage is a tradition.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can first cousins marry in all parts of Virginia?

Yes, whether in large urban centers like Virginia Beach, small towns such as Front Royal, or rural counties, first cousins can legally marry.

Do I need genetic counseling to marry my cousin in Virginia?

No, Virginia does not require genetic counseling for cousin marriages, though couples are encouraged to speak to a healthcare provider.

Would my cousin marriage be recognized if I leave Virginia?

This depends on the state to which you move. In some states, cousin marriages are not recognized and could face legal complications, particularly regarding inheritance, adoption, and spousal rights.

Can cousins of half-blood, or adopted cousins, marry in Virginia?

Yes, the law does not distinguish between full-blood and half-blood cousins or exclude marriage between adopted cousins.

The Role of Cities in Shaping Attitudes

Virginia’s diverse cities play a unique role in the visibility and acceptance of cousin marriage. In cosmopolitan areas like Alexandria, Richmond, and Fairfax, the blending of traditions from around the world makes cousin marriage a quiet but real phenomenon for some immigrant populations. In college towns such as Charlottesville and Blacksburg, where international students and faculty enrich the community, cousin marriage may be more visible—and less controversial—within certain circles.

Conclusion

In summary, it is legal for first cousins to marry in Virginia in 2025. The state’s marriage laws do not restrict cousin marriage, and there are no special conditions or requirements imposed. Residents and non-residents alike can lawfully marry a first cousin anywhere from Alexandria and Richmond to Lynchburg and Roanoke.

However, being legal does not necessarily mean being widely accepted. Social attitudes and cultural norms often challenge such unions, creating unique circumstances for those who choose this path. For those considering cousin marriage in Virginia, it is important to be aware of both the legal framework and the cultural context, consult with healthcare professionals regarding genetics, and consider the implications should you relocate to a state with different laws.

Virginia, rich in its historical diversity and evolving legal landscape, remains one of the states upholding individual choice in marriage—including, for those who wish, the right to marry a cousin.